Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines are reported to correlate with a reduction in the risk of metabolic disease in all age groups. We explored the association between meeting 24-h Movement Guidelines and cardiometabolic syndrome in the general adult population using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the KNHANES 2014–2017 and included 2151 adults. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using a three-axis accelerometer. Sleep time was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Compared with adherence to none of the three guidelines, the odds ratio (OR) for meeting two of the three guidelines were 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.45–0.98), whereas the OR for meeting all three guidelines was 0.24 (95% CI 0.10–0.59). In the analysis of specific combinations, the group that met the physical activity and sleep time guidelines had a significantly lower risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21–0.90). Consequently, we suggest that adherence to two or more physical activity guidelines may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Furthermore, meeting all three guidelines is more closely associated with cardiometabolic health owing to their synergistic effects.